It is possible only for Javascript 1.7 as already answered by @Justin. Here is a trial to simulate it in the widespread browsers:
function assign(arr, vars) {
var x = {};
var num = Math.min(arr.length, vars.length);
for (var i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
x[vars[i]] = arr[i];
}
return x;
}
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
var x = assign(arr, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
var z = x.a + x.b + x.c; // z == 6
I don't know how useful it is.