I have installed cordova and android sdk on linux mint 17, and downloaded gradle 2.4 (bin) and extracted it and set path to it, now I can get gradle -v from terminal, its ok
I had figured out the reason:
See the code GradleBuilder.prototype.prepEnv in $PROJECT_ROOT/platforms/android/cordova/lib/builders/GradleBuilder.js。
A quick fix :
export CORDOVA_ANDROID_GRADLE_DISTRIBUTION_URL=file:///local/path/to/gradle-2.4-all.zip
cordova run android
Notice:
$USER_HOME/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-2.4-all/5i28vc5j9c3ssbtreg4518ujvp/gradle-2.4 .export command must always be executed before run cordova.If the network is slow, you download gradle-2.2.1-all.zip manually, then use this method once.
Also, you can change GradleBuilder.js's code or request a enhancement/issue.