You might be thinking this question is a duplicate of this one. But since then, Android Studio has been updated and the solution given there is not working anymore.
If i didn't get you wrong you have a png file with 512x512 px from a Photoshop file and you want to make logo from it for all necessary folders (mipmap-xxxhdpi to mipmap-mdpi).
You can also use this after creating icon using Android Studio too. I prefer creating my icons using Photoshop.
I use this site after creating a 512x512px icon using Photoshop. You can have icons not only for Android also for iPhone apps and and more and it's free. Icons are scaled correctly, named, and placed inside mipmap folders under android folder of the zip file. You just unzip the file after downloading and copy and paste.I made 50 icons at least and never had a problem.