Consider a text file with scientific data, e.g.:
5.787037037037037063e-02 2.048402977658663748e-01 1.157407407407407413e-01 4.021264347118673754e-01 1.736111
This might work for you (GNU sed):
seq 10 | sed '0~2d' # delete every 2nd line 1 3 5 7 9 seq 100 | sed '0~10!d' # delete 9 out of 10 lines 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100