I am coming from the SQL server world where we had uniqueidentifier. Is there an equivalent in oracle? This column will be frequently queried so performance is the key.
There is no uniqueidentifier in Oracle.
You can implement one yourself by using RAW (kind of a pain) or CHAR. Performance on queries that JOIN on a CHAR field will suffer (maybe as much as 40%) in comparison with using an integer.
If you're doing distributed/replicated databases, the performance hit is worth it. Otherwise, just use an integer.