Nyes. Afaik there is no function in PHP to that directly. But on Linux, you can do
$fp = fopen('somefile', 'r');
$stat = fstat($fp);
$inode = $stat['ino'];
system("find -inum $inode", $result);
echo $result;
This is untested so it might need tweaking.
EDIT Apparently, there is a simpler solution.