OS: Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit
PHP version: 5.4.6-2~precise+1
When I test an https page I am writing through the built-in webserve
See the manual section on the built-in webserver shim:
http://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php
It doesn't support SSL encryption. It's for plain HTTP requests. The openssl extension and function support is unrelated. It does not accept requests or send responses over the stream wrappers.
If you want SSL to run over it, try a stunnel wrapper:
php -S localhost:8000 &
stunnel3 -d 443 -r 8080
It's just for toying anyway.