I just found one difference that ended up being important for me. The non-Underscore.js-compatible version of Lodash's _.extend()
does not copy over class-level-defined properties or methods.
I've created a Jasmine test in CoffeeScript that demonstrates this:
https://gist.github.com/softcraft-development/1c3964402b099893bd61
Fortunately, lodash.underscore.js
preserves Underscore.js's behaviour of copying everything, which for my situation was the desired behaviour.