Below is the code I use to build an HTML table on the fly (using JSON data received from the server).
I display an animated pleasewait (.gif) graphic while the data
Using innerHTML can definitely be much faster than using jQuery's HTML-to-DOM-ifier, which uses innerHTML but does a lot of processing on the inputs.
I'd suggest checking out chain.js as a way to quickly build out tables and other repeating data structures from JavaScript objects. It's a really lightweight, smart databinding plugin for jQuery.