Are all immutable data structures in Scala persistent? If not, which of them are and which not? What are the behavioural characteristics of those which are persistent? Also,
For the last part of your question, I remember Rich Hickey mentioning in a presentation that the Clojure data structures have been ported to Scala. Also, Michael Fogus mentions plans for Scala 2.8 to adopt some of Clojure's data structures in this interview.
Sorry this is so short on details... I'm not sure what the status is on the above mentioned Scala 2.8 plans, but I remembered Rich and Michael mentioning this and thought it might be an interesting thing for you to google for if you're interested.