What type of parameter/flag can I use with the Unix find command so that I search executables?
Well the easy answer would be: "your executable files are in the directories contained in your PATH variable" but that would not really find your executables and could miss a lot of executables anyway.
I don't know much about mac but I think "mdfind 'kMDItemContentType=public.unix-executable'" might miss stuff like interpreted scripts
If it's ok for you to find files with the executable bits set (regardless of whether they are actually executable) then it's fine to do
find . -type f -perm +111 -print
where supported the "-executable" option will make a further filter looking at acl and other permission artifacts but is technically not much different to "-pemr +111".
Maybe in the future find will support "-magic " and let you look explicitly for files with a specific magic id ... but then you would haveto specify to fine all the executable formats magic id.
I'm unaware of a technically correct easy way out on unix.