cache miss, a TLB miss and page fault

Question

Can someone clearly explain me the difference between a cache miss, a tlb miss and page fault, and how do these affect the effective memory access time?

Answer 1

The Operating system uses virtual memory and page tables maps these virtual address to physical address. TLB works as a cache for such mapping.

 program >>> TLB >>> cache >>> Ram

A program search for a page in TLB, if it doesn't find that page it's a TLB miss and then further looks for the page in cache.

If the page is not in cache then it's a cache miss and further looks for the page in RAM.

If the page is not in RAM, then it's a page fault and program look for the data in secondary storage.

So, typical flow would be

Page Requested >> TLB miss >> cache miss >> page fault >> looks in secondary memory.