I tried to start spark 1.6.0 (spark-1.6.0-bin-hadoop2.4) on Mac OS Yosemite 10.10.5 using
\"./bin/spark-shell\".
It has the error below.
This happens when you switched between different networks(VPN - PROD, CI based on your company networks to access different environments).
I had the same issue, whenever I switch the VPN.
update sudo /etc/hosts with the hostname value on your Mac.