Is there a way to determine programmatically if the currently running app was built and signed for development only or whether it was built for distribution? And can one det
The easiest way to check is to look at embedded.mobileprovision ([[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"embedded.mobileprovision" ofType:nil]):
openssl asn1parse -inform der), but a bad hack is to just look for and .get-task-allow The other thing you can check is the entitlements embedded in the executable (otool -l lists it as LC_CODE_SIGNATURE). Parsing this is even more tedious (you need to parse the Mach-O header and load commands, and for "universal" binaries which are now the default, you'll need to check the currently-loaded architecture or all architectures).
get-task-allow get-task-allow I don't think the entitlements distinguish between Ad Hoc and App Store builds.
Apart from those and the certificate it's signed with, there's no difference between Development/Ad Hoc/App Store apps (there are a few other things in the entitlements/provisioning profile, but nothing more reliable that I can think of).
Neither of these are that difficult to circumvent. For the first method, the app could just "swizzle" -[NSBundle pathForResource:ofType:]. The second method is a bit more difficult depending on what API you use to read the file.