I am interested in finding recommendations on books on writing a raytracer, simple and clear implementations of ray tracing that can be seen on the web, and online resources
I highly recommend reading the tutorials on https://www.scratchapixel.com/ they take the time to explain the physics and math behind things but also provide excellent code examples!
I used many of their tutorials when implementing my own ray tracer that I wrote in Java: https://github.com/bradforj287/brads-java-raytracer