NumPy is an extremely useful library, and from using it I\'ve found that it\'s capable of handling matrices which are quite large (10000 x 10000) easily, but begins to strug
You should be able to use numpy.memmap to memory map a file on disk. With newer python and 64-bit machine, you should have the necessary address space, without loading everything into memory. The OS should handle only keep part of the file in memory.