After upgrading macOS to Catalina, my Anaconda installation was helpfully reconfigured by Apple. Advice from the Anaconda website suggested a fresh install was the best way
Total noob here, but I might have stumbled upon a solution for people that have problems reading in their data in spyder after the Catalina update. I had the same problems you describe and got the same file permission errors.
I couldn't resolve the issue, reinstalled several times but didn't work for me. I couldn't use my Utorrent either, and while attempting to solve that problem I came across https://discuss.pixls.us/t/problems-with-darktable-and-mac-osx-catalina-solved-with-dt-2-6-3-1/14400/19 this forum.
Long story short, in the forum people couldn't really resolve the issue, but someone pointed out that if you just run the application from the terminal, it somehow works. I tried to do this with Spyder, and I seem to be able to use the read_csv('file') function again. So try opening the terminal, then type 'spyder' (without '') and press enter. Somehow all issues seem to be resolved. Hope this helps someone.