Python supports double-ended comparisons. For example,
3 < x <= 7
is a check for 3 < x and x <= 7 (with x being evaluated just once).
By extension,
5 < 5 <= 3 > 10
means (5 < 5) and (5 <= 3) and (3 > 10), all of which are False, so the whole expression evaluates to False.