How to convert wstring into string?

Question

The question is how to convert wstring to string?

I have next example :

#include 
#include 

int main()
{
    std::wstr         


        

Answer 1

Default encoding on:

• Windows UTF-16.
• Linux UTF-8.
• MacOS UTF-8.

This code have two forms to convert std::string to std::wstring and std::wstring to std::string. If you negate #if defined WIN32, you get the same result.

1. std::string to std::wstring

• MultiByteToWideChar WinAPI

• _mbstowcs_s_l

#if defined WIN32
#include 
#endif

std::wstring StringToWideString(std::string str)
{
    if (str.empty())
    {
        return std::wstring();
    }
    size_t len = str.length() + 1;
    std::wstring ret = std::wstring(len, 0);
#if defined WIN32
    int size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, &str[0], str.size(), &ret[0], len);
    ret.resize(size);
#else
    size_t size = 0;
    _locale_t lc = _create_locale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8");
    errno_t retval = _mbstowcs_s_l(&size, &ret[0], len, &str[0], _TRUNCATE, lc);
    _free_locale(lc);
    ret.resize(size - 1);
#endif
    return ret;
}

2. std::wstring to std::string

• WideCharToMultiByte WinAPI

• _wcstombs_s_l

std::string WidestringToString(std::wstring wstr)
{
    if (wstr.empty())
    {
        return std::string();
    }
#if defined WIN32
    int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, &wstr[0], wstr.size(), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
    std::string ret = std::string(size, 0);
    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, &wstr[0], wstr.size(), &ret[0], size, NULL, NULL);
#else
    size_t size = 0;
    _locale_t lc = _create_locale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8");
    errno_t err = _wcstombs_s_l(&size, NULL, 0, &wstr[0], _TRUNCATE, lc);
    std::string ret = std::string(size, 0);
    err = _wcstombs_s_l(&size, &ret[0], size, &wstr[0], _TRUNCATE, lc);
    _free_locale(lc);
    ret.resize(size - 1);
#endif
    return ret;
}

3. On windows you need to print unicode, using WinAPI.

• WriteConsole

#if defined _WIN32
    void WriteLineUnicode(std::string s)
    {
        std::wstring unicode = StringToWideString(s);
        WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), unicode.c_str(), unicode.length(), NULL, NULL);
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    void WriteUnicode(std::string s)
    {
        std::wstring unicode = StringToWideString(s);
        WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), unicode.c_str(), unicode.length(), NULL, NULL);
    }

    void WriteLineUnicode(std::wstring ws)
    {
        WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), ws.c_str(), ws.length(), NULL, NULL);
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    void WriteUnicode(std::wstring ws)
    {
        WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), ws.c_str(), ws.length(), NULL, NULL);
    }

4. On main program.

#if defined _WIN32
int wmain(int argc, WCHAR ** args)
#else
int main(int argc, CHAR ** args)
#endif
{
    std::string source = u8"ÜüΩωЙ你月曜日\na