I am trying to create a function that inserts spaces between the characters of a string argument then return a new string which contains the same characters as the argument,
That's quite easy... just call the replace method on the string as follow...
var str = "Hello";
console.info(str.replace(/\B/g, " ");
What am I doing here is replacing on non-word boundary which is inside the word. It's just reverse of the word boundary denoted by "\b", which is around the word; think it as if you are matching the border of the word.