Passing an integer by reference in Python

Question

How can I pass an integer by reference in Python?

I want to modify the value of a variable that I am passing to the function. I have read that everything in Python i

Answer 1

Maybe slightly more self-documenting than the list-of-length-1 trick is the old empty type trick:

def inc_i(v):
    v.i += 1

x = type('', (), {})()
x.i = 7
inc_i(x)
print(x.i)