You could move the conditional to:
v = [22, 13, 45, 50, 98, 69, 43, 44, 1]
[ (x+1 if x >=45 else x+5) for x in v ]
But it's starting to look a little ugly, so you might be better off using a normal loop. Note that I used v instead of l for the list variable to reduce confusion with the number 1 (I think l and O should be avoided as variable names under any circumstances, even in quick-and-dirty example code).