I got this error when I requested to update the PHP version from 5.2.17 to PHP 5.3.21 on the server.
I had this error running php-fpm in a chroot jail. I tried creating etc/php.ini and /usr/share/zoneinfo in the chroot directory, but it just didn't work. I even tried strace-ing the php-fpm daemons to see what file they were missing - nothing jumped out.
So in case Google brings you here because you get this error when using php-fpm configured for chroot, you can probably fix it by adding this line to /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
in the ENV section:
env[TZ] = America/New_York
A php-fpm restart is normally required for it to take effect. Hope this helps somebody out there.