There are two polygons given. how can one determine whether one polygon is inside, outside or intersecting the other polygon? Polygons can be Concave or convex.
Generally, problems like that are solved easily by a sweep-line algorithm. However, the primary purpose and benefit of using the sweep-line approach is that it can solve the problem efficiently when input consists of two relatively large sets of polygons. Once the sweep line solution is implemented, it can also be efficiently applied to a pair of polygons, if need arises. Maybe you should consider moving in that direction, in case you'll need to solve a massive problem in the future.
However, if you are sure that you need a solution for two and only two polygons , then it can be solved by a sequential point-vs-polygon and segment-vs-polygon tests.