I’ve started with the “Let’s make a bar chart I” example here: http://bost.ocks.org/mike/bar/
And I’m having a hard time figuring out how to make the very simple bar
I have create a fiddle for you here. It is a simple take on what you had with a few changes, particularly separating the enter, update and exit selections. This should help you start understanding the update process in D3.
// enter selection
bars
.enter().append("div");
// update selection
bars
.style("width", function (d) {return scale(d) + "%";})
.text(function (d) {return d;});
// exit selection
bars
.exit().remove();