Our corporate firewall/proxy is keeping VS Code from being able to install extensions because Code doesn\'t trust something in the chain. It doesn\'t reliably give an error,
2020 answer for MacOS Catalina and possibly others: Make sure that the certificates are installed and trusted (I have them in the System category).
Then, go into settings, Application, Proxy, and UNCHECK the "System certificates" option. Restart vscode and RE-CHECK it. Restart again, and it works.
No idea why you have to do this, but it worked for me. I was very surprised. The error I was getting in the developer console (Help - toggle developer tools - console tab) was "self signed certificate in certificate chain".