CSS force image resize and keep aspect ratio

Question

I am working with images, and I ran across a problem with aspect ratios.

Answer 1

The solutions below will allow scaling up and scaling down of the image, depending on the parent box width.

All images have a parent container with a fixed width for demonstration purposes only. In production, this will be the width of the parent box.

Best Practice (2018):

This solution tells the browser to render the image with max available width and adjust the height as a percentage of that width.

.parent {
  width: 100px;
}

img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

This image is originally 400x400 pixels, but should get resized by the CSS:

  

Fancier Solution:

With the fancier solution, you'll be able to crop the image regardless of its size and add a background color to compensate for the cropping.

.parent {
  width: 100px;
}

.container {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 34.37% 0 0 0; /* 34.37% = 100 / (w / h) = 100 / (640 / 220) */
}

.container img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
}

This image is originally 640x220, but should get resized by the CSS:

  

    
  

For the line specifying padding, you need to calculate the aspect ratio of the image, for example:

640px (w) = 100%
220px (h) = ?

640/220 = 2.909
100/2.909 = 34.37%

So, top padding = 34.37%.