Up until recently, I was able to launch/open JNLP files in Firefox using Java web start.
Don\'t know what happened all of a sudden JNL
In my case, Netbeans automatically creates a .jnlp file that doesn't work and my problem was due to an accidental overwriting of the launch.jnlp file on the server (by the inadequate and incorrect version from Netbeans). This caused a mismatch between the local .jnlp file and the remote .jnlp file, resulting in Java Web Start just quitting after "Verifying application."
So no one else has to waste an hour finding a bug that should be communicated adequately (but isn't) by Java WS.