Difference between scanf() and strtol() / strtod() in parsing numbers

Question

Note: I completely reworked the question to more properly reflect what I am setting the bounty for. Please excuse any inconsistencies with already-given ans

Answer 1

I don't believe the parsing is allowed to produce different results. The Plaugher reference is just pointing out that the strtol() implementation might be a different, more efficient version as it has complete access to the entire string.