Switch character case, php

Question

How can I swap around / toggle the case of the characters in a string, for example:

$str = \"Hello, My Name is Tom\";

After I run the code

Answer 1

I suppose a solution might be to use something like this :

$str = "Hello, My Name is Tom";
$newStr = '';
$length = strlen($str);
for ($i=0 ; $i<$length ; $i++) {
    if ($str[$i] >= 'A' && $str[$i] <= 'Z') {
        $newStr .= strtolower($str[$i]);
    } else if ($str[$i] >= 'a' && $str[$i] <= 'z') {
        $newStr .= strtoupper($str[$i]);
    } else {
        $newStr .= $str[$i];
    }
}
echo $newStr;

Which gets you :

hELLO, mY nAME IS tOM

i.e. you :

• loop over each character of the original string
• if it's between A and Z, you put it to lower case
• if it's between a and z, you put it to upper case
• else, you keep it as-is

The problem being this will probably not work nicely with special character like accents :-(

And here is a quick proposal that might (or might not) work for some other characters :

$str = "Hello, My Name is Tom";
$newStr = '';
$length = strlen($str);
for ($i=0 ; $i<$length ; $i++) {
    if (strtoupper($str[$i]) == $str[$i]) {
        // Putting to upper case doesn't change the character
        // => it's already in upper case => must be put to lower case
        $newStr .= strtolower($str[$i]);
    } else {
        // Putting to upper changes the character
        // => it's in lower case => must be transformed to upper case
        $newStr .= strtoupper($str[$i]);
    }
}
echo $newStr;

An idea, now, would be to use mb_strtolower and mb_strtoupper : it might help with special characters, and multi-byte encodings...