How do I convert a std::vector to a double array[]?
What for? You need to clarify: Do you need a pointer to the first element of an array, or an array?
If you're calling an API function that expects the former, you can do do_something(&v[0], v.size()), where v is a vector of doubles. The elements of a vector are contiguous.
Otherwise, you just have to copy each element:
double arr[100];
std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), arr);
Ensure not only thar arr is big enough, but that arr gets filled up, or you have uninitialized values.