HTML email in Gmail - CSS style attribute removed

Question

I\'m working on an HTML email and I am using MailChimp\'s Responsive Email Templates in combination with their CSS inliner tool. For the most part, the email looks great acr

Answer 1

Check your CSS for typos

The reason that Gmail strips certain styles might have changed since the OP in 2011, but here's what I discovered in 2020...

In a