As explained here, IE allows styling of the lower and upper fill or track regions in CSS as follows:
There's a (newish?) pseudo-element for Firefox that styles (what IE calls) the 'lower' part of the range input. According to the documentation:
The ::-moz-range-progress CSS pseudo-element represents the portion of the "track" (the groove in which the indicator aka thumb slides) of an
of type="range", which corresponds to values lower than the value currently selected by the thumb.
For the upper track, you still use (per Alexander Dayan's answer) ::-moz-range-track.
I just discovered and tried it today; works pretty well.