By stroke of the cubic bezier curve I mean rendering a curve \'A\' with a specific line width \'w\'.
How can I derive other cubic bezier curves that describe the out
To do is accurately is as others have explained very difficult. The offset curve is not a cubic Bezier and is very intractable. Then concavities that are deeper than the offset cause intersection problems.
The good news is that normally you want to calculate a stroke offset for rendering, so only need pixel accuracy. Also, the various intersections still create a filled polygon, if you observe the winding rule for polygon filling. So you flatten the curve first, then offset in a linear fashion, and it becomes a straight line polygon problem.
Some code here can be used as a reference implementation: https://github.com/memononen/nanosvg