UTF-8 version of @Alejandro Iglesias answer, will work for non-latin characters:
function get_string_between($string, $start, $end){
$string = ' ' . $string;
$ini = mb_strpos($string, $start, 0, 'UTF-8');
if ($ini == 0) return '';
$ini += mb_strlen($start, 'UTF-8');
$len = mb_strpos($string, $end, $ini, 'UTF-8') - $ini;
return mb_substr($string, $ini, $len, 'UTF-8');
}
$fullstring = 'this is my [tag]dog[/tag]';
$parsed = get_string_between($fullstring, '[tag]', '[/tag]');
echo $parsed; // (result = dog)