I am a JavaScript learner and have been researching this matter, but with no success. What is the $ symbol used for in JavaScript besides regular expressions?
If you are asking why some variables and function names start with $, then that is simply a convention when using jQuery and/or AngularJS.
In code that uses jQuery, $ is often used as a prefix for variables that contain jQuery selections.
e.g. var $container = $('.container');.
In AngularJS, they use the $ prefix to mean "core Angular functionality". That way, you know which methods and services are added by the framework, and which are custom to your application.