I know about the boolean column type, but is there a boolean literal in SQLite? In other languages, this might be true
The question is explicitly not about the column type (i.e storage-wise) but the use of TRUE and FALSE literals (i.e. parser-wise), which are SQL-compliant as per the PostgreSQL keywords documentation (which happens to also include SQL-92, SQL:2008 and SQL:2011 columns in the reference table).
The SQLite documentation lists all supported keywords, and this list contains neither TRUE nor FALSE, hence SQLite sadly is non-compliant in that regard.
You can also test it easily and see how the parser barfs as it wants the token to be a column name:
$ sqlite3 :memory:
SQLite version 3.14.0 2016-07-26 15:17:14
sqlite> CREATE TABLE foo (booleanish INT);
sqlite> INSERT INTO foo (booleanish) VALUES (TRUE);
Error: no such column: TRUE