Why create “Implicitly Unwrapped Optionals”, since that implies you know there's a value?

Question

Why would you create a \"Implicitly Unwrapped Optional\" vs creating just a regular variable or constant? If you know that it can be successfully unwrapped then why create a

Answer 1

Apple gives a great example in The Swift Programming Language -> Automatic Reference Counting -> Resolving Strong Reference Cycles Between Class Instances -> Unowned References and Implicitly Unwrapped Optional Properties

class Country {
    let name: String
    var capitalCity: City! // Apple finally correct this line until 2.0 Prerelease (let -> var)
    init(name: String, capitalName: String) {
        self.name = name
        self.capitalCity = City(name: capitalName, country: self)
    }
}

class City {
    let name: String
    unowned let country: Country
    init(name: String, country: Country) {
        self.name = name
        self.country = country
    }
}

The initializer for City is called from within the initializer for Country. However, the initializer for Country cannot pass self to the City initializer until a new Country instance is fully initialized, as described in Two-Phase Initialization.

To cope with this requirement, you declare the capitalCity property of Country as an implicitly unwrapped optional property.