JSONException: Value of type java.lang.String cannot be converted to JSONObject

Question

I have a JSON file with 2 JSON-Arrays in it: One Array for routes and one Array for sights.

A route should consist of several sights where the user gets navigated to

Answer 1

In my case, my Android app uses Volley to make a POST call with an empty body to an API application hosted on Microsoft Azure.

The error was:

JSONException: Value 
iisnode of type java.lang.String cannot be converted to JSONObject

This is a snippet on how I was constructing the Volley JSON request:

final JSONObject emptyJsonObject = new JSONObject();
JsonObjectRequest request = new JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.POST, url, emptyJsonObject, listener, errorListener);

I solved my problem by creating the JSONObject with an empty JSON object as follows:

final JSONObject emptyJsonObject = new JSONObject("{}");

My solution is along the lines to this older answer.