How to efficiently remove duplicates from an array without using Set

Question

I was asked to write my own implementation to remove duplicated values in an array. Here is what I have created. But after tests with 1,000,000 elements it took very long ti

Answer 1

Slight modification to the original code itself, by removing the innermost for loop.

public static int[] removeDuplicates(int[] arr){
    int end = arr.length;

    for (int i = 0; i < end; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < end; j++) {
            if (arr[i] == arr[j]) {                  
                /*int shiftLeft = j;
                for (int k = j+1; k < end; k++, shiftLeft++) {
                    arr[shiftLeft] = arr[k];
                }*/
                arr[j] = arr[end-1];
                end--;
                j--;
            }
        }
    }

    int[] whitelist = new int[end];
    /*for(int i = 0; i < end; i++){
        whitelist[i] = arr[i];
    }*/
    System.arraycopy(arr, 0, whitelist, 0, end);
    return whitelist;
}