I am presently working on converting a 32bits application into a 64bits application in C. This application is currently working on x86 architecture (Windows, osx, Unix, Linu
This really depends on the application and how it has been coded. Some code can just be recompiled with a 64-bit compiler and it will just work, but usually this only happens if the code has been designed with portability in mind.
If the code has a lot of assumptions about the size of native types and pointers, if it has a lot of bit packing hacks or of it talks to an external process using a byte specified protocol but using some assumptions about the size of native types then it may require some, or a lot, of work to get a clean compile.
Pretty much every cast and compiler warning is a red flag that needs checking out. If the code wasn't "warning clean" to start with then that is also a sign that a lot of work may be required.