Understanding how recursive functions work

Question

As the title explains I have a very fundamental programming question which I have just not been able to grok yet. Filtering out all of the (extremely clever) \"In order to

Answer 1

The way that I usually figure out how a recursive function works is by looking at the base case and working backwards. Here's that technique applied to this function.

First the base case:

sumInts(6, 5) = 0

Then the call just above that in the call stack:

sumInts(5, 5) == 5 + sumInts(6, 5)
sumInts(5, 5) == 5 + 0
sumInts(5, 5) == 5

Then the call just above that in the call stack:

sumInts(4, 5) == 4 + sumInts(5, 5)
sumInts(4, 5) == 4 + 5
sumInts(4, 5) == 9

And so on:

sumInts(3, 5) == 3 + sumInts(4, 5)
sumInts(3, 5) == 3 + 9
sumInts(3, 5) == 12

And so on:

sumInts(2, 5) == 2 + sumInts(3, 5)
sumInts(4, 5) == 2 + 12
sumInts(4, 5) == 14

Notice that we've arrived at our original call to the function sumInts(2, 5) == 14

The order in which these calls are executed:

sumInts(2, 5)
sumInts(3, 5)
sumInts(4, 5)
sumInts(5, 5)
sumInts(6, 5)

The order in which these calls return:

sumInts(6, 5)
sumInts(5, 5)
sumInts(4, 5)
sumInts(3, 5)
sumInts(2, 5)

Note that we came to a conclusion about how the function operates by tracing the calls in the order that they return.