How can I pipe information into tar specifying the names of the file?
Extending geekosaur answer:
find /directory | tar -cf archive.tar -T -
You can use stdin with the -T option.
Note that if you filter files using some condition (e.g. -name option) in general you need to exclude directories in the pipe, otherwise tar will process all their content, that is not what you want. So, use:
find /directory -type f -name "mypattern" | tar -cf archive.tar -T -
If you don't use -type, all the content of directories matching "mypattern" will be added !