I have two repositories. In one, I make changes to file ./hello.test. I commit the changes and create a patch from that commit with git format-patch -1 HE
Answering my own question with a script that does just this: https://github.com/mprpic/apply-patch-to-file
Rather than modifying the patch file manually, it prompts the user for the target file, modifies the patch, and applies it to the repo you're currently in.