I want to send an email from a Linux Shell script. What is the standard command to do this and do I need to set up any special server names?
If you want a clean and simple approach in bash, and you don't want to use cat, echo, etc., the simplest way would be:
cat
echo
mail -s "subject here" email@address.com <<< "message"
<<< is used to redirect standard input. It's been a part of bash for a long time.
<<<