I'll guess that it is the compilation process that is the biggest difference initially. Here is a useful Makefile for compiling simple OpenGL apps on Ubuntu.
INCLUDE = -I/usr/X11R6/include/
LIBDIR = -L/usr/X11R6/lib
FLAGS = -Wall
CC = g++ # change to gcc if using C
CFLAGS = $(FLAGS) $(INCLUDE)
LIBS = -lglut -lGL -lGLU -lGLEW -lm
All: your_app # change your_app.
your_app: your_app.o
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(LIBDIR) $< $(LIBS) # The initial white space is a tab
Save this to a file called Makefile that should be in the same directory. Compile by writing make from terminal or :make from Vim.
Good luck