I want to know if the condition evaluation is executed in for and while loops in Java every time the loop cycle finishes.
Example:
Yes. Specifically, the condition part is executed before each loop body. So it's entirely possible that you never enter the body of the loop at all.
So taking your example:
for(int index = 0;index < tenBig.lenght;index++) {
/* ...body... */
}
This is the logical (not literal) equivalent:
int index = 0;
while (index < tenBig.length) { // happens on each loop
/* ...body... */
index++;
}