How to constrain movement within the area of a circle

Question

This might be more a geometry related question, but I\'m trying to constrain a controller within an area of a circle. I know I have to touch the Math.sin() and Math.cos() me

Answer 1

Hi and thanks for sharing your solution.

Your jsfiddle helps me a lot to constraint the movement of a rotation handle.

Here's my solution using jQuery :

function getBall(xVal, yVal, dxVal, dyVal, rVal, colorVal) {
  var ball = {
    x: xVal,
    lastX: xVal,
    y: yVal,
    lastY: yVal,
    dx: dxVal,
    dy: dyVal,
    r: rVal,
    color: colorVal,
    normX: 0,
    normY: 0
  };

  return ball;
}

var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var xLabel = document.getElementById("x");
var yLabel = document.getElementById("y");
var dxLabel = document.getElementById("dx");
var dyLabel = document.getElementById("dy");

var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");

var containerR = 200;
canvas.width = containerR * 2;
canvas.height = containerR * 2;
canvas.style["border-radius"] = containerR + "px";

var balls = [
  getBall(containerR, containerR * 2 - 30, 2, -2, 20, "#0095DD"),
  getBall(containerR, containerR * 2 - 50, 3, -3, 30, "#DD9500"),
  getBall(containerR, containerR * 2 - 60, -3, 4, 10, "#00DD95"),
  getBall(containerR, containerR * 2 / 5, -1.5, 3, 40, "#DD0095")
];

function draw() {
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  for (var i = 0; i < balls.length; i++) {
    var curBall = balls[i];
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(curBall.x, curBall.y, curBall.r, 0, Math.PI * 2);
    ctx.fillStyle = curBall.color;
    ctx.fill();
    ctx.closePath();
    curBall.lastX = curBall.x;
    curBall.lastY = curBall.y;
    curBall.x += curBall.dx;
    curBall.y += curBall.dy;
    var dx = curBall.x - containerR;
    var dy = curBall.y - containerR;
    var distanceFromCenter = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);

    if (distanceFromCenter >= containerR - curBall.r) {
      var normalMagnitude = distanceFromCenter;
      var normalX = dx / normalMagnitude;
      var normalY = dy / normalMagnitude;
      var tangentX = -normalY;
      var tangentY = normalX;
      var normalSpeed = -(normalX * curBall.dx + normalY * curBall.dy);
      var tangentSpeed = tangentX * curBall.dx + tangentY * curBall.dy;
      curBall.dx = normalSpeed * normalX + tangentSpeed * tangentX;
      curBall.dy = normalSpeed * normalY + tangentSpeed * tangentY;
    }

    xLabel.innerText = "x: " + curBall.x;
    yLabel.innerText = "y: " + curBall.y;
    dxLabel.innerText = "dx: " + curBall.dx;
    dyLabel.innerText = "dy: " + curBall.dy;
  }
  requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}

draw();

canvas { background: #eee; }

Hope this help someone.