I have a two columns layout like this:
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I solved enabling flexbox. After raising an issue in Bootstrap's Github repository I got an answer by a Bootstrap member:
The .col-xs-4 isn't as tall as the .col-xs-8, so there's basically no
space for the Menu to "float" within when the stickiness kicks in.
Make the .col-xs-4 taller and things work fine:
https://codepen.io/anon/pen/OXzoNJ If you enable the Flexbox version
of our grid system (via $enable-flex: true;), you get automatic
equal-height columns for free, which comes in handy in your case.