The only way I found till now, is getting the offsetWidth, offsetHeight of a test div element with height and width of one inch: http:
div
height
width
In webkit you can detect if your user has a so called "high dpi screen" by simply retrieving the value from window.devicePixelRatio.
Normal dpi screens will return 1. The iPhone 4 will return 2, but numbers like 1.8 or 2.12 are also possible.